209 research outputs found
Dynamics of ion Coulomb crystals
The field of quantum simulations has achieved a remarkable success through the
development of highly controllable and accessible quantum platforms, which pro-
vide insights into the microscopic properties of complex large-scale systems that
are otherwise difficult to analyze. Many of the platforms utilized in this pursuit are
derived from the field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. One particularly
popular candidate is provided by trapped ions, whose vibrational and electronic
degrees of freedom can be effectively combined through laser pulses to engineer
desired model Hamiltonians or quantum circuits. Trapped ions constitute as well
the basis for modern atomic clocks, the most precise frequency standards currently
available. They find further applications in metrology, geodesy, and fundamental
physics experiments.
In this Thesis, we investigate the dynamics of vibrational modes in trapped
ion crystals, utilizing them as a versatile platform to explore various many-body
phenomena.
We first focus on the expansion dynamics of local excitations and on heat
transport within ion crystals hosting structural defects that undergo a sliding-
to-pinned transition. We observe a significant reduction in conductivity when
the crystal symmetry is spontaneously broken during the transition, and show
that resonances between crystal eigenmodes lead to distinct softening signatures
associated with energy localization. We then delve into the effects of thermal and
quantum fluctuations on the vibrational modes of ion crystals near two distinct
structural transitions. We observe the emergence of a prolonged symmetric phase
stabilized by thermal and quantum fluctuations, and develop effective theories that
reduce the degrees of freedom to the modes that drive the transitions.
Finally, we discuss how to engineer spin-orbit coupling and on-site interaction
energies for vibrational quantum excitations using two different external driving
schemes. While the simulation of spin models with ions typically involves the use
of two electronic states, we propose interpreting the two local oscillation modes
in an ion crystal as a pseudospin. We show how using Floquet engineering ideas
allows for spin flips in Coulomb-induced vibron hopping, resulting in a non-trivial
coupling between spatial motion and spin evolution, that results in a markedly non-Abelian dynamics. Subsequently, we explore the simulation of Hubbard models in
trapped ions by coupling the vibrational Fock states to an internal level system.
Our findings include the observation of bound states in the strong interaction limit
of the resulting Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model.
By investigating these topics, we aim to contribute to the understanding of
vibrational dynamics in trapped ion crystals, and shed light on their potential for
simulating condensed matter systems, offering insights into phenomena that are
otherwise challenging to explore.DFG/Sonderforschungsbereich 1227 DQ-mat/274200144/E
coordinative gait disorder in migraine disease
Klinische Studie mit Migräne-Patienten und gesunden Vergleichsprobanden zur Analyse des Gangbildes bezüglich der KoordinationGait analysis with migraine patients to find coordination disorder
On the relationship between stochastic turnpike and dissipativity notions
In this paper, we introduce and study different dissipativity notions and
different turnpike properties for discrete-time stochastic nonlinear optimal
control problems. The proposed stochastic dissipativity notions extend the
classic notion of Jan C. Willems to random variables and to probability
measures. Our stochastic turnpike properties range from a formulation for
random variables via turnpike phenomena in probability and in probability
measures to the turnpike property for the moments. Moreover, we investigate how
different metrics (such as Wasserstein or L\'evy-Prokhorov) can be leveraged in
the analysis. Our results are built upon stationarity concepts in distribution
and in random variables and on the formulation of the stochastic optimal
control problem as a finite-horizon Markov decision process. We investigate how
the proposed dissipativity notions connect to the various stochastic turnpike
properties and we work out the link between these two different forms of
dissipativity
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